用OSPF debug信息定位OSPF鄰居無法建立原因
2015/3/9 10:19:07點擊：
問題描述
我司設(shè)備在于CISCO設(shè)備對接時，OSPF鄰接無法建立。
告警信息
在我司設(shè)備上敲指令”display ospf peer brief” ，顯示：
OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 10.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
---------------------------------------------------------------------
OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 10.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
---------------------------------------------------------------------
處理過程
以往的案例中，我們一般會根據(jù)產(chǎn)品手冊中提供的排障思路進行檢測，在本次案例中我講拋磚引玉用另外一種思路（debug）來定位
在系統(tǒng)中依次輸入指令，
A． terminal monitor //使能終端顯示信息中心發(fā)送信息的功能
B． terminal debugging //使能終端顯示Debug信息功能
C． debugging ospf packet //打開ospf的debug開關(guān)查看報文的收發(fā)情況
我們可以看到下面的報文收發(fā)狀態(tài)，
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.1-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG:
FileID: 0xd0178024 Line: 2236 Level: 0x20
OSPF 10: RECV Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.2-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.3-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.4-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello)
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.5-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.6-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum:e59c
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.7-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.8-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * *
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.9-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.252
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.10-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 10, Option: _E
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.11-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.12-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.13-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.14-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0
FileID: 0xd0178025 Line: 559 Level: 0x20
OSPF 10: SEND Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.2-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.3-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.4-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello)
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.5-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.6-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum: e56c
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.7-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.8-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * *
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.9-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask:255.255.255.252
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.10-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 20, Option: _E
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.11-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 80
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.12-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.13-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.14-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.15-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG:
我們對比一下收發(fā)報文的異同，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們接收對端的hello報文間隔為10S，我們發(fā)送的報文間隔為20S，是兩端hello報文發(fā)送間隔不同導(dǎo)致鄰居關(guān)系無法建立。
D. undo debuging all //關(guān)閉debug功能
在系統(tǒng)中依次輸入指令，
A． terminal monitor //使能終端顯示信息中心發(fā)送信息的功能
B． terminal debugging //使能終端顯示Debug信息功能
C． debugging ospf packet //打開ospf的debug開關(guān)查看報文的收發(fā)情況
我們可以看到下面的報文收發(fā)狀態(tài)，
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.1-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG:
FileID: 0xd0178024 Line: 2236 Level: 0x20
OSPF 10: RECV Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.2-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.3-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.4-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello)
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.5-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.6-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum:e59c
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.7-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.8-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * *
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.9-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.252
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.10-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 10, Option: _E
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.11-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.12-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 10.1.1.2
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.13-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:26.937.14-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0
FileID: 0xd0178025 Line: 559 Level: 0x20
OSPF 10: SEND Packet. Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.2-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.3-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.4-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1 (Hello)
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.5-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Length: 44, Router: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.6-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Area: 0.0.0.0, Chksum: e56c
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.7-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.8-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Key(ascii): * * * * * * *
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.9-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask:255.255.255.252
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.10-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Hello Int: 20, Option: _E
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.11-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 80
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.12-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: DR: 10.1.1.1
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.13-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: BDR: 0.0.0.0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.14-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG: # Attached Neighbors: 0
Mar 4 2015 14:41:35.207.15-05:13 Huawei RM/6/RMDEBUG:
我們對比一下收發(fā)報文的異同，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們接收對端的hello報文間隔為10S，我們發(fā)送的報文間隔為20S，是兩端hello報文發(fā)送間隔不同導(dǎo)致鄰居關(guān)系無法建立。
D. undo debuging all //關(guān)閉debug功能
根因
兩端hello報文發(fā)送間隔不同導(dǎo)致鄰居關(guān)系無法建立
解決方案
將我司設(shè)備hello報文間隔調(diào)整為20S，問題解決。
#
Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf timer hello 20
#
Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf timer hello 20
建議與總結(jié)
在處理故障問題時，不防參考以下步驟進行排查：
1. 檢查接口網(wǎng)段是否一致
2. 檢查各接口的優(yōu)先級是否有非零
3. 檢查各路由器的route id互不相同
4. 接口的timer等參數(shù)保持一致
5. 接口的認證信息保持一致
6. 檢查是否ospf報文能正確接收
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